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Figure 1 shows the manipulation of an atomic defect using the probe of a scanning tunneling microscope.

CREDIT: ACS Nano

Abstract:
A research team comprising scientists from Tohoku University, RIKEN, the University of Tokyo, Chiba University and University College London have discovered a new chemical reaction pathway on titanium dioxide (TiO2), an important photocatalytic material.

Tunneling out of the surface

Sendai, Japan | Posted on July 9th, 2015

The reaction mechanism, reported in ACS Nano, involves the application of an electric field that narrows the width of the reaction barrier, thereby allowing hydrogen atoms to tunnel away from the surface. This opens the way for the manipulation of the atomic-scale transport channels of hydrogen, which could be important in hydrogen storage. Hydrogen has been put forward as a clean and renewable alternative to the burning of hydrocarbons and one of the great challenges of our day is to find an efficient way to store and transport it.

The team used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to directly visualize single hydrogen ions, a common atomic defect on TiO2 (Fig. 1). In STM, the surface structure of a solid surface is observed on the atomic scale by scanning a sharp probe across the surface and monitoring the tunneling current. Minato et al. were able to desorb individual hydrogen ions from the surface by using the STM probe to apply electrical pulses to the hydrogen. The pulse generates an electric field as well as injecting electrons into the sample. By using a new theoretical approach developed by Dr. Kajita, the team confirmed that rather than reducing the reaction barrier height, the electric field reduces the width of the barrier, thereby allowing the hydrogen to desorb by quantum tunneling (Fig. 2).

Lead author Prof. Taketoshi Minato (Tohoku Univ. and RIKEN, currently Kyoto University) commented that "The new reaction pathway could be exploited in nanoscale switching devices and hydrogen storage technology. For instance, electric fields could be used to extract hydrogen from a TiO2-based storage device"

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Publication Details

Authors: Taketoshi Minato, Seiji Kajita, Chi-Lun Pang, Naoki Asao, Yoshinori Yamamoto, Takashi Nakayama, Maki Kawai, and Yousoo Kim
Title: Tunneling Desorption of Single Hydrogen on the Surface of Titanium Dioxide
Journal: ACS Nano (American Chemical Society)
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01607

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Contacts:
Professor Taketoshi Minato
International Advanced Research and Education Organization
Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation
Kyoto University

Tel: +81-774-38-4942
(Formerly of Tohoku University and RIKEN)

Dr. Yousoo Kim
Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN

Tel: +81-48?467?4073

Professor Maki Kawai
Department of Advanced Materials Science
The University of Tokyo

Tel: +81-4-7136-3787

Dr. Seiji Kajita
Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc.

Tel: +81-561-71-7258
(Formerly of Chiba University)

Dr. Chi-Lun Pang
Department of Chemistry, University College London

Tel: +44-207-679-5580