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This is an autoradiograph of a brain section of a laboratory mouse after a Stroke (affected areas in white) and the same section with the nanoparticles marked with radioisotopes, which are concentrated in the area of the stroke.

CREDIT: MPIKG

Abstract:
Materials resulting from chemical bonding of glucosamine, a type of sugar, with fullerenes, kind of nanoparticles known as buckyballs, might help to reduce cell damage and inflammation occurring after stroke. A team from the Max Planck Institute in Germany has tested this on mice, opening the door to potential new drugs for the cerebrovascular accident.

Sweet nanoparticles target stroke

Madrid, Spain | Posted on March 12th, 2015

The majority of stroke occurs when the blood vessels that reach the brain are blocked by clots or fatty deposits which decrease the flow of blood towards its cells. It is then that an ischemic attack occurs, a pathology that leads to the degeneration of neurones, which can be fatal and not many drugs can treat.

Now, German and Swiss scientists have discovered that the combination of two substances help to reduce inflammation and the brain volume affected after a cerebrovascular accident. This is glucosamine, an amino sugar commonly used to treat arthritis and arthrosis; and certain derivatives of fullerenes, hollow and spherical structures formed by many carbon atoms.

Before now it was known that the fullerenes capture chemical radicals well which makes them act as neuroprotective agents, while the glucosamine brings down the inflammation.

What the researchers have done is chemically bond the two compounds to produce what is known as 'glyconanoparticles'. These have subsequently been administered to laboratory rats which then had a cerebrovascular accident induced.

The results, published in the journal 'Experimental Neurology', conclude that this combination of fullerene derivatives and glucosamine reduces cell damage and inflammation after a stroke, according to the MRI scans of animal brains and the improvement of their neurological symptoms.

"Our study confirms that it is possible to couple fullerenes with sugars in order to combine their protective effects and in this way, to obtain new materials which may help to prevent and to treat Stroke," says Guillermo Orts-Gil, a Spanish researcher at the Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (Germany) and co-author of the research.

"Although the present study was carried out on mice, the results indicate that these sweet buckyballs are potential new drugs for treating Stroke also in humans. However, this must be taken with caution, since what works in mice does not necessarily will work in the same way in humans," declared Orts-Gil.

This work is the continuation of another previous piece of research, published last year in the journal 'Nano Letters', in which the researchers also confirmed that a protein called E-selectin, linked to the chain of events that occur during a stroke, is distributed throughout the brain and not only in the area where the stroke originates, as previously thought.

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References:

Felix Fluri, Dan Grünstein, Ertugrul Cam, Udo Ungethuem, Florian Hatz, Juliane Schäfer, Samuel Samnick, Ina Israel, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Guillermo Orts-Gil, Holger Moch, Thomas Zeis, Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers, Peter Seeberger. "Fullerenols and glucosamine fullerenes reduce infarct volume and cerebral inflammation after ischemic stroke in normotensive and hypertensive rats". Experimental Neurology 265:142-51, marzo de 2015.

Tracy D. Farr, Chian-Hui Lai, Dan Grünstein, Guillermo Orts-Gil, Cheng-Chung Wang, Philipp Boehm-Sturm, Peter H. Seeberger, Christoph Harms. "Imaging Early Endothelial Inflammation Following Stroke by Core Shell Silica Superparamagnetic Glyconanoparticles That Target Selectin". Nano Letters 14 (4): 2130-2134, 2014.

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